Understanding Cystic Fibrosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Advances in Care
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, inherited disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene, which disrupts the regulation of salt and water movement in and out of cells. This leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus that clogs airways, traps bacteria, and interferes with digestion.
The most common symptoms of cystic fibrosis include persistent coughing, frequent lung infections, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Digestive issues such as poor weight gain, greasy stools, and nutrient deficiencies are also common, as mucus blocks the pancreas from releasing vital enzymes. Over time, lung damage and complications such as diabetes, liver disease, and infertility may occur.
Diagnosis often occurs in early childhood through newborn screening, genetic testing, and sweat chloride tests. While cystic fibrosis is a life-limiting condition, advancements in treatment have significantly improved life expectancy and quality of…